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Wednesday 2 April 2014

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All About Lions Biography

source(google.com.pk)
A lioness will produce a litter of cubs about every two years. Shortly before giving birth,
she chooses a suitable site for her lair, which must be sheltered, close to water, out of
sight, and safe from potential predators. The cubs are born blind, with a spotted coat. For
two months they are completely dependent on their mother’s milk.
At six weeks they begin to accompany their mother to the kill, where they acquire a taste
of meat and learn how to hunt. A lion cub cannot tear meat until it has permanent teeth -
usually produced once it has reached about one year old, so it continues to rely on its
mother for food. Slowly the cubs will master the art of hunting and by 15 months the cubs
will be able to catch and kill small prey.
When the cubs reach two years of age, their mother is usually pregnant again and they are
forced to leave her. However, some female cubs may be allowed to stay in the pride, but the
dominant male will drive out all the male cubs. Less than half the young lion survive their
first few weeks alone .
What do Lions eat?
Lionesses usually hunt for the pride which is probably why they are more aggressive by
nature. However, the male lion will always take precedence at the kill, dragging the prey
in to the shade, then gorging himself before the females and cubs begin to eat.
The male lion usually stays and watches its young while waiting for the lionesses to return
from the hunt. Typically, several lionesses work together and encircle the herd from
different points. Once they have closed with a herd, they usually target the closest prey.
The attack is short and powerful; they attempt to catch the victim with a fast rush and
final leap. The prey usually is killed by strangulation, which can cause cerebral ischemia
or asphyxia (which results in hypoxemic, or "general", hypoxia). The prey also may be
killed by the lion enclosing the animal's mouth and nostrils in its jaws which would also
result in asphyxia. Smaller prey, though, may simply be killed by a swipe of a lion's paw.
However, lions are not particularly known for their stamina—for instance, a lioness' heart
makes up only 0.57 percent of her body weight (a male's is about 0.45 percent of his body
weight), whereas a hyena's heart is close to 1 percent of its body weight. Therefore, they
only run fast in short bursts, and need to be close to their prey before starting the
attack. They take advantage of factors that reduce visibility; many kills take place near
some form of cover or at night. They sneak up to the victim until they reach a distance of
around 30 metres (98 ft) or less.
The lions preferred prey are wildebeest and zebra which are slower and easier to catch than
small antelopes and gazelles.
When water is scarce, lions will often lie in wait close to a water hole, knowing that its
prey will eventually go there to drink.
When prey is scarce, lions will then eat almost anything, including carrion. They may even
attack larger prey such as giraffe, buffalo, and hippopotamus. They are have also been
known to take on elephants and rhinoceros, but this is rare due to the danger of injury.
Of course, lions will also attack domestic livestock. In India, cattle contribute
significantly to their diet. Lions are also quite capable of killing other predators such
as leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, and wild dogs, though unlike most big cats, they will seldom
eat the competitors after killing them.
A lion may gorge itself and eat up to 66 lb in one sitting, and if it is unable to consume
all the kill it will rest for a few hours before consuming more. An adult lioness requires
an average of about 11 lb of meat per day, while a male needs about 15.5 lb.
Lion facts
1.here may be one species of lion but did you know that it was believed that there were up
to 12 subspecies of lion? Unfortunately, some of these subspecies are now extinct and
others have been discounted for being too similar. So today we are left with 8 - for now.
2. Lions have been known to breed with tigers (most often the Siberian and Bengal
subspecies) to create hybrids called ligers and tiglons (or tigons). They also have been
crossed with leopards to produce leopons and jaguars to produce jaglions. The marozi is
reputedly a spotted lion or a naturally occurring leopon, while the Congolese Spotted Lion
is a complex lion-jaguar-leopard hybrid called a lijagulep. Such hybrids were once commonly
bred in zoos, but this is now discouraged due to the emphasis on conserving species and
subspecies. Hybrids are still bred in private menageries and in zoos in China.
3. The lion is the tallest (at the shoulder) of all living cats, averaging about 14 cm (5.5
in) taller than the tiger. Behind only the tiger, the lion is the second largest living big
cat in length and weight.
4. The longest known lion, at nearly 3.6 m (12 ft) in total length, was a black-maned male
shot near Mucsso, southern Angola in October 1973; the heaviest lion known in the wild was
a man-eater shot in 1936 just outside Hectorspruit in eastern Transvaal, South Africa and
weighed 313 kg (690 lb).